Thứ Hai, 21 tháng 9, 2015

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Water Treatment Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Water Treatment
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ


-          Water treatment describes those industrial-scale processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use. These can include use for drinking water, industry, medical and many other uses. Such processes may be contrasted with small-scale water sterilization practiced by campers and other people in wilderness areas. The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existingcontaminants in the water, or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. One such use is returning water that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse ecological impact.
-          The processes involved in treating water for drinking purpose may be solids separation using physical processes such as settling andfiltration, and chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation.
-          Biological processes are employed in the treatment of wastewater and these processes may include, for example, aerated lagoons,activated sludge or slow sand filters.
-          Gases you will frequently measure here, are : Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Chlorine (Cl)

-          For measuring how much H2S and Chlorine particles are in the water itself, instead of air, use the UNIPHOS™ Dissolved Ion Detection Tubes.

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Environmental & Soil Remediation Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Environmental & Soil Remediation
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ


-          Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water for the general protection of human health and the environment or from a brownfield site intended for redevelopment. Remediation is generally subject to an array of regulatory requirements, and also can be based on assessments of huma health and ecological risks where no legislated standards exist or where standards are advisory.
-          Gases you will frequently measure here, are:
Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, Trichloroethane, Carbon Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethylene, Trichloroethylene, Mercury, Gasoline, Vinyl Chloride. 

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Fire Brigades Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Fire Brigades
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ


-          Calamities can take place in the widest sense of the word. A fire can release all different kinds of toxic gases or vapours, what just depends on the material what is burning. Because of this huge variety of possible toxic gases that fire men has to measure to see if the environment is clean, they have a huge supply of gas detection tubes what gives them the possibility to measure the required gas when necessary.

-          Gases you will frequently measure here, are: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Oxygen (O2) and many more toxic gases that should be measured during chemical calamities.

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Cooling with Refrigerants Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Cooling with Refrigerants
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ


-          Some freight needs to be transported in a cool temperature. To keep the temperature this low, one will use refrigerants to succeed in this. A refrigerant is a substance used in a heat cycle usually including, for enhanced efficiency, a reversible phase transition from a liquid to a gas. Traditionally, fluorocarbons, especially chlorofluorocarbons, were used as refrigerants, but they are being phased out because of their ozone depletion effects.


-          Other common refrigerants used in various applications are Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), and Non-Halogenated Hydrocarbons such as Propane. These are common used in the fishery.

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Hospitals Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Hospitals
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ


To create a as clean as possible environment for patients, hospital- and operating rooms should be disinfected with cleaning products. These products often contain lots of the toxic Formaldehyde, which will evaporate and could be inhaled by the patients or hospital employees. UNIPHOS™ has different gas detection tubes to measure Formaldehyde even from 0,1 ppm.

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Schools/Offices Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Schools/Offices
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ                              

-          Several studies have shown that over 80% of schools, nurseries, offices and homes are inadequately ventilated. When naturally ventilated, ie by opening windows and vents, people are not aware of the air quality and they don’t know when, how much, and how long the room should be ventilated. Mechanical ventilation systems often prove, besides the noise, to function inadequate.

-          With an UNIPHOS™ ASP-21 Air Sampling Pump and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas detection tubes, you can measure your air quality and ventilation, and make problems visible. An UNIPHOS™ Air Quality Measuring Kit allows you to ventilate and consciously creating a healthy indoor climate!

-          In areas where relatively many people stay such as schools, kindergartens, meeting rooms, sports halls, factories, and of course offices and homes - often lack of sufficient fresh air due to poor ventilation. Ventilation is not only necessary to provide the necessary O2, but also to release the exhaled air, odors, moisture and pollutants like radon, a radioactive gas that is released from concrete, brick, cement, plaster and solvents released from paint, flooring, chipboard and cleaning substances, also known as Volatile Organic Ccompounds (VOC’s). VOC’s are a collection of hydrocarbon compounds which evaporate easily.

-          People breathe oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 concentration in the air is related to the human body released contaminants and pathogens, and is therefore a good indicator of the quality of indoor air. The higher the CO2 concentration, the worse the air quality. The exposure limit is reached when the CO2 concentration is increased to 1,200 ppm. With CO this is 25ppm.

-          To focus unilaterally on energy, the risk of an unhealthy indoor air quality rises. If you have better insulation, you should be more aware to ventilate.

Even buildings with mechanical- or balance ventilation should still can have profits of having a UNIPHOS™ Air Quality Measuring Kit, to make sure that the ventilation system is functioning properly.

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Marine Shipping Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Marine Shipping
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ


-          For going into the ship’s tonnage or other confined spaces, in general you will have to need the possibility to measure Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), to be sure you will not enter a hazardous environment. UNIPHOS™ let you have this possibility to measure these gases, choosing from the largest selection of different measuring ranges.
-          Besides these general gases, tanker ships will encounter several different kind of gases. Common gases, depending on what they are carrying, are:

Acetaldehyde, Acetic Acid, Acetone, Acrylonitrile, Ammonia (NH3), Aniline, Arsine (AsH3), Benzene, Butadiene, 2-Butanol, Carbon Disulphide, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Chlorobenzene, Dichlorobenzene, Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol), Ethyl Benzene, Ethyl Glycol, Ethyl Acetate,  Gasoline,  General Hydrocarbons,  N-Hexane, Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Hydrogen (H2), Iso-Butane, Isoprene, Isobutanol, Isobutylene,  Mercaptans, Methanol (Methyl Alcohol), Methyl Bromide, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, Nitric Acid, Nitrogen Oxide/Dioxide, Oxyde (O2),  Pentane, Phosphine (PH3), Propane, Propylene, Styrene, Sulphuric Acid, Sulphur Dioxide, Toluene, Trichloroethane, Vinyl Chloride, Water Vapour, Xylene.

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Agriculture/Fertilizers Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Agriculture/Fertilizers
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Tham khảo tại: http://www.uniphos.eu/agro

-          Livestock farmers will often encounter a toxic concentration of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) and Ammonia (NH3), but most of the times they are not aware of this. H2S and Ammonia is being released by the excrements of living animals, like cattle, pigs, horses, poultry and other. It is strongly adviced always to measure before entering the slurry pit. Especially poultry will produce huge amounts of Ammonia.

-          UNIPHOS™ has different kind of tubes with different ranges, to measure the H2S and Ammonia concentration in air. This could prevent you to work in an unhealthy and even hazardous environment, and also prevent health problems to your cattle and poultry, or when you cultivate mushrooms on horse manure.

Ethylene and Ethylene Oxide and Alcohol Vapour, could also create problems to farmers who cultivates or conserves vegetables, fruit, potatoes or other plants. Ethylene will be released by rotten fruit or plants, what will directly affect the other vegetables you try to conserve. If you are not aware of this, eventually your whole stock will be overripe or rotten, what will lead to loss of sales. Besides Ethylene, Alcohol Vapour can also be released in this process.

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: OGP (Oil, Gas & Petroleum) Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: OGP (Oil, Gas & Petroleum)
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ
                                            Kết quả hình ảnh cho Uniphos

-          To prevent corrosion in pipelines where natural gas is being transported in, you can use the UNIPHOS™ gas detection tubes to measure the amount of Water Vapour in the pipelines. It is also possible to measure how much Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is in the natural gas, or added Mercaptans.
-          Other gases that could be measured for this application: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Ammonia (NH3).

-          For doing gas measurements in manholes, use the UNIPHOS™ Remote Measuring Hose.

Chủ Nhật, 20 tháng 9, 2015

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Container Fumigation Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ

Uniphos - Ống đo khí ứng dụng: Container Fumigation
Hãng sản xuất: Uniphos –Ấn Độ


-          Các container được chuyển đến nhiều nơi trên thế giới, để loại bỏ sâu bệnh của động vật không mong muốn, các vi khuẩn không có cơ hội tồn tại; các container sẽ bị khử trùng với các khí cực độc, sẽ ảnh hưởng đến hệ thống thần kinh. Khi container đến các cảng bãi, công nhân sẽ đo các khí độc này trước khi mở
-          Ngoài các khí khử trùng, sẽ có các khí ô nhiễm khác trong container:
  • Khí ô nhiễm sinh ra do hàng hóa chuyển: các chất bốc hơi như sơn, rò rỉ bao bì, gỗ hoặc các hàng hóa sinh vật khác
  • Phản ứng hóa học sinh ra trong quá trình vận chuyển
  • Những bao bì chứa các bình chất độc bị rò rỉ trong container
-          Các khí gặp phải: Methyl Bromide, Acetaldehyde, Ammonia, Benzene, HCN, Butylacetate, Chloropicrine, 1,2 Dichloroethane, Dichloromethane, Formaldehyde, Phosphine, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Pinene, Styrene, Toluene, Trichloroethylene, Vinyl Acetate, Xylene, Hydrogen Sulphide.
Loại hàng hóa
Khí cần đo
Ghi chú
Apricots
Methyl Bromide

Artificial Flowers
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Xyleen
Asparagus
Phosphine

Bags
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Bags (plastic & printed)
Toluene

Benzene
Bamboo
Methyl Bromide                
Phosphine

Barley
Phosphine

Baskets (cane)
Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Dioxide
Phosphine
Methyl Bromide
Chloropicrin
Formaldehyde
Batteries
Hydrogen (LEL)

Camphene
Octanal
Nonanal
Urea
Isoborneol
2 Propenoic acid
Bedding
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Bicycle parts
Benzene

Bikes
Formaldehyde

Blankets
Formaldehyde

Boon (mung)
Phosphine

Methyl Bromide
Boots
Benzene

Bottles
Phosphine

Boxes (wooden)
α Pinene

Formaldehyde
Cacao
Phosphine

Cacaobutter
Methyl Bromide

Canned food
Phosphine

Carbon Monoxide
Carbonate
Phosphine

Carpets
Toluene
Toluene is probably not in the carpets themselves, but in the packaging material, since the carpets are often wrapped in thick plastic.
Carrot seeds
Carbon Monoxide

Cars
Benzene

Phosphine
Formaldehyde
Casino tables
1,2 Dichloorethane

Cereals
Carbon Monoxide
Cargo came from Sweden.
Chairs (metal)
Carbon Monoxide

Formaldehyde
Chairs (wood & metal)
Methyl Bromide
Methyl Bromide because of the wood, formaldehyde because of the glue. If the chairs have a metal frame or bottom, there may also be Trichlorethylene in there as they clean metal with this. 
Trichloorethyleen
Formaldehyde
Chloropicrin
Cherries
Phosphine

Chipboard
Formaldehyde

Chive
Phosphine

Christmas items
Benzene

1,2 Dichloroethane
Phosphine
Clothing
Formaldehyde

Benzene
Toluene
1,2 Dichloroethane
Carbon Disulphide
Phosphine
Coconuts (ground)
Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Monoxide
Coffee
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Coffee beans
Phosphine

Carbon Monoxide
Dates
Phosphine

Methyl Bromide
Chloropicrin
Decoration material
Phosphine

Dog basket (fabric)
Carbon Monoxide

Formaldehyde
Easter products
Hexane
1,2 dibromoethane is extremely carcinogenic and has a very low detection limit of 0.0003 ppm.
(iso)Pentane
Heptane
1,2 Dibromemethane
Electric motors
Phosphine

Electronics
Benzene

LEL
Firework
Phosphine

Fitness devices
1,2 Dichloroethane

Methyl Bromide
Fitted sheets
Toluene

Formaldehyde
Flour
Phosphine

Flowers
Phosphine

Formic acid
Carbon Monoxide

Fountains
1,2 Dichloroethane

Methyl Bromide
Benzene
Fruit (dried)
Methyl Bromide

Chloropicrin
Furniture
Methyl Bromide

Formaldehyde
Phosphine
Chloropicrin
Garden statues
1,2 Dichloroethane

Gears
Benzene

Glassware
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Gloves
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Glowsticks
Benzene

Hexane
Glue stick
Methyl Bromide

Handtrucks
Carbon Monoxide

Hats
Phosphine

Honey (in drums)
Formaldehyde

Household items
Methyl Bromide

Phosphine
Hydrogen Cyanide
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Formaldehyde
Chloropicrin
Inflatable boats
Carbon Monoxide

Benzene
Inflatable letters
Formaldehyde

1,2 Dichloroethane
Benzene
Toluene
Ink
Formaldehyde

Irons
Phosphine

Jackets
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Lamps
Formaldehyde

Laptop bags
Ammonia

Benzene
Toluene
Carbon Monoxide
Formaldehyde
Latex
Phosphine

Limestone
Carbon Dioxide

Machine parts
1,2 Dichloroethane

Methyl Bromide
Mantles
Formaldehyde

Mattresses
Methyl Bromide

Benzene
Toluene
1,2 Dichloroethane
Methylene Chloride
Carbon Disulphide
Meat pin (wood)
Carbon Monoxide

Medical equipment
Ethylene Oxide

Medications
Methyl Bromide

Carbon Sulphide
Formaldehyde
Mirrors
Formaldehyde

Phosphine
Monitors (computer)
(Iso)pentane
For computer monitors it is usually (iso)-pentane where the PID, LEL and the tubes react on. When you suspect there is (iso) pentane in the container, you can use the following rejection rule (all 3 should be higher as the given concentration):
Toluene
- PID 80 or higher
Styrene
- LEL 5 or higher
1,2 Dichloroethane
- Reading on pentane tube 800 ppm or higher
Hexane

Xylene

LEL

Moving containers
Methyl Bromide

Carbon Monoxide
Phosphine
Formaldehyde
Musical instruments
Phosphine

Nail polish
Formaldehyde

Nail polish remover
Formaldehyde

Notebooks
Phosphine

Nutrition (general)
Methyl Bromide

Methyleenchloride
Carbon Sulphide
Chloropicrin
Formaldehyde
Phosphine
Nuts
Phosphine

Blauwzuur
Ammonia
Nuts (Cashew)
Methyl Bromide
On October 2010 there has been 450 (!) ppm phosphine found in a vacuum packed bag!
Chloropicrin
Phosphine
Nuts (ground)
Phosphine

Office chairs
Phosphine

Onions
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Oregano
Methyl Bromide

Chloropicrin
Painting pots
Butylacetate

Vinylacetate
Pallets (wood)
Methyl Bromide

Paper
Formaldehyde

Picture frames
Benzene

LEL
Pillows
Formaldehyde

Trichloroethane
Pillows (decorative)
Carbon Monoxide

Pine nuts
Carbon Monoxide
Values of both carbon monoxide and dioxide can sometimes really add up.
Carbon Dioxide
Planters
Styrene
The planters were packed in styrofoam. The styrene was in the styrofoam.
Plastic (general)
Toluene
Benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, etc., used as a solvent. Ammonia is used as a degreaser. 
Benzene
Xyleen
Styreen
1,2 Dichloroethane
Ammonia
Plastic books for children
Toluene

Benzene
Formaldehyde
Plastic bottles (Spa, Cola, etc.)
Benzene

Toluene
Plastic toys
Formaldehyde

1,2 Dichloroethane
Benzene
Toluene
Plums
Phosphine

Poppy seed
Phosphine

Pots (stone)
Toluene

Pottery
Carbon Monoxide

Pullovers
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Rabbit Hutches
α Pinene 
α-pinene is characterized by a strong pine air.
Raisins
Phosphine

Hydrogen Cyanide
Refrigerators
Carbon Dioxide

1,1 Dichloro 1 Fluoroethane
Rice
Carbon Dioxide

1,1 Dichloro 1 Fluoroethane
Rolls of film
Dichloromethane

Rubber
Phosphine

Methyl Bromide
Chloropicrin
Screws
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Shampoo
Formaldehyde

Shoes
Toluene

Benzene
Formaldehyde
Ammonia
Carbon Sulphide
1,2 Dichloroethane
Phosphine
Cyclohexane
Shopping bag
Formaldehyde

Slippers
Methyl Bromide

Toluene
Benzene
Ammonia
Formaldehyde
Sockets
Benzene

Stamps (for children)
1,2 Dichloroethane
Op 14/11/09 the Ministry has found a load of 1,2 dichloroethane in a freight of children stamps in such huge amount,  that the police in The Netherlands decided to make an official report for importing a toxic gas!
Stone (natural)
Methyl Bromide
The stone are being shipped in wooden crates. Methyl bromide can be in there. 
Hydrogen Sulphide
Hydrogen sulphide is quite rare, but is there sometimes anyway.
Formaldehyde

Carbon Dioxide
Through natural processes sometimes there can be insufficient oxygen in the container.
Styrofoam
Styrene

(Iso)pentane
Suitcases
Phosphine

Sunflower seeds
Phosphine
In a load of sunflower seeds in two containers from Turkey in December 2009, there has been respectively 10 and 2.3 ppm Phosphine encountered, and on March 2010 even 15 ppm Phosphine (took two weeks to get the container gas free)!
Textile
Formaldehyde

Phosphine
Toluene
Chloropicrin
Ties
Ethanol

Carbon Monoxide
Ammonia
Formaldehyde
Toasters
Ammonia

Tobacco
Methyl Bromide

 Phosphine
 Formaldehyde
Toilet seats
Phosphine

Toothpaste
Phosphine

Toy guns
1,2 Dichloroethane

Toys
Benzene

Methyl Bromide
Toluene
1,2 Dichloroethane
1,2 chloorpropeen
Formaldehyde
Phosphine
Blauwzuur
Transformers
Methyl Bromide Chloropicrin

Trash (Dangerous)
Phosphine

USB Sticks etc.
Benzene

Toluene
Formaldehyde
Vacuum cleaners
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Wallets
Benzene

Toluene
Carbon Monoxide
Formaldehyde
Water tap
Phosphine

Water pipe
Phosphine

Formaldehyde
Weir wood
Methyl Bromide

Phosphine
Whetstones
Methyl Bromide

Chloropicrin
Wine
Methyl Bromide

Chloropicrin
Wishing stones
1,2 Dichloroethane

 Methyl Bromide
Wood (unmodified)
Methyl Bromide

Phosphine
Hydrogen Cyanide
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Formaldehyde
Chloropicrin
Wool
Phosphine

Yeast
Methyl Bromide

Chloropicrin